Review of Literature Summaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Audit of Literature Summaries - Essay Example Davies, Howells, and Jenkins (2003) note this was deliberately arranged so it could match with the dates of set for the standard visits which are generally settled for the calendar for seeing the newborn child screening. Along these lines, this arrangement guaranteed the disposal of burdens and interference of the members plans. From the finding of the exploration introduced in this article, there means that the decrease of the danger of wellbeing interruptions brought about by PPD from early discovery and mediation. Then again, those cases which are undetected and thusly not getting intercession around one year baby blues demonstrate an increased danger of occurrences of PPD just as the related complexities (Davies, Howells, and Jenkins, 2003). From the information gathered in the initial three months, there meant that 20% of the members experienced post pregnancy anxiety. Curiously, the information gathered during the remainder of the months through to a year showed that the level of PPD frequencies encountered a decrease. This article bolsters the proposed change through various ways featured in the accompanying resulting explanations. To start with, the article shows the way that there is a chance of creating PPD whenever particularly during the primary pre-birth year (Davies, Howells, and Jenkins, 2003). Second, the article shows that utilizing a fitting approved screening device, for example, the EPDS utilized in this exploration, upgrades the recognition of PPD (Davies, Howells, and Jenkins, 2003). Thus, there can be early mediation to help the individuals who are influenced. Early recognizable proof of maternal misery as a procedure in the counteraction of kid misuse is an article which expounds on the unfavorable impacts of PPD to an individual’s social grimness as mental prosperity (Scott, 1992). This article is applicable to this examination

Research design in psychology-week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research structure in brain science week 5 - Essay Example Potential research inquiries to the extent the quantitative methodology towards tending to the issue of adolescent wrongdoing can be engaging, prescient or easygoing. An elucidating question for this quantitative research can be ‘What is the connection between the social condition and adolescent crime?†. A prescient inquiry can be â€Å"Does the social condition foresee the juveniles’ capacity to enjoy crime?† An easygoing inquiry which analyzes the various varieties of a marvel to distinguish the reason for something can be â€Å"does variety in introduction to various social situations produce an adjustment in a juvenile’s capacity to perpetrate offences?† These examination questions can be tended to by either restricting the extent of the exploration to specific components of the social condition like elements of the family, network support or the impact of the media and music. A potential theory for receiving a quantitative way to deal with this zone could be transferred in the accompanying manner: â€Å"If the social condition affects adolescent wrongdoing, at that point there should be a recognizable connection between's different social factors in the lives of adolescents and their rate on criminal behavior.† A breakdown of the elements that comprise to the social condition, (for example, aggressive behavior at home, substance misuse, peer weight or tutoring and so on) can be utilized as free factors whose relationship should be resolved on adolescent misconduct (the dependant variable). Taking a gander at the examination by receiving a subjective methodology the conceivable potential research question one may ask is ‘What job does the social condition assume a job in the lives of adolescents and their capacity to perpetrate crimes?† Other research questions identifying with the current issue could be ‘Why do adolescents carry out crimes?’ or ‘How can adolescent wrongdoing be p revented?’ or somewhere in the vicinity while our quantitative methodology will in general see whether there is a potential connection between our two characterized factors the subjective methodology will investigate this relationship and go into its profundity. Subjective research will investigate and assess the criminal conduct of adolescents through a social learning point of view. Despite the fact that in subjective research we don't utilize amounts, they can be utilized to demonstrate or negate a speculation, anyway principally it is utilized to accumulate and break down information. Assets Creswell, J. (2009). Research plan: Qualitative, quantitative and blended strategies draws near. (third ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,

10 Common Scams How They Work and How to Avoid Them

10 Common Scams How They Work and How to Avoid Them 10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid Them 10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid ThemFrom advance fee schemes to reverse mortgage scams and telemarketing fraudâ€"keep yourself safe from these common cons!People have been scamming each other for thousands and thousands of years. No matter how hard we try to stop them, con artists and scammers are always going to be dreaming up new schemes to get at your hard-earned money.Still, there are many common schemes these fraudsters run that should be easy for you to identifyâ€"so long as you know what to look for. After consulting the FBIs helpful  list of common fraud schemes, we picked out the 10 scams that are most likely to affect you.Well let you know how they work, how you can identify them, and, most importantly, what you can do to keep yourself (and your money) safe.1. Advance fee scamIf someone comes to you with a financial or business proposition that requires you paying them up front, they are probably running an “advance fee” scam. These con artists come arou nd with a wonderful opportunity for you to “triple your money” or “get in on the ground floor.”They ask to be paid upfront for their servicesâ€"they might refer to it as their “finders fee.” Then once they have been paid, the money or business opportunity they were talking about never materializes. Meanwhile, they fade into the background.To protect yourself against this scam, remember to always do your research into someone before paying them for services not yet rendered. Watch out for P.O. boxes and non-disclosure agreements, anything that might suggest this person’s business is really a fly-by-night operation that runs on secrecy. And lastly: If what they’re promising sounds too good to be true, it probably is!2. Identity theftThese scams  have become increasingly common as more and more of our lives (and our sensitive personal  information) move online. It used to be a person had to go through your trash to steal your identity. Nowadays, they’re just as likely to get it by sending you a “phishing” email that gives them access to your laptop.When someone steals your identity, they  can use your personal information to take out loans and credit cards, to make purchases online, maybe even to commit crimes. The only thing worse than having a bunch of debts in your name that you’re suddenly responsible for is having the police show up and arrest you for a crime you didn’t commit!To protect yourself from identity theft, make sure you always shred your sensitive mail and documents, don’t give out your credit card number over the phone unless you made the call, regularly check your bank and credit card statements, and order a (free) copy of your credit report to review at least once a year.3. Internet auction  fraudThere are two common types of fraud that occur with internet auctions. The first kind is when a person grossly misrepresents the item that they are selling. They promise they are selling you a priceless copy of Action Comics #1 but then they deliver you a hand-drawn zine called Achtung Cantrips # Slevin. The other type of fraud is where you pay them for the merchandise that they never deliver. At least the other gal got that stupid zine from her fraudster; you’ve got bupkus!This is another scam where doing your research pre-transaction is one of your best buffs against disaster. You should also be extra wary of sellers outside the U.S., and never give them your  social security number or other personal information.Lastly, this one of the few times where we’ll encourage you to do a transaction on your credit card instead of your debit card. If the seller never delivers or delivers something other than they promised, a credit card will let you dispute the charge, whereas a debit card will not.4. The “Nigerian Prince” letter aka “419” fraudThis is a rather complicated (not to mention famous) variation on the advance fee scheme. An anonymous scammer will contact a person, promising them a share of millions of dollars that, for numerous complicated-sounding reasons, the scammer cannot currently access. They ask for money to help them transfer the funds, often through illegal means. Needless to say, none of what the scammer is saying is true.It’s called the “Nigerian Letter” scam because the most infamous version of this scheme involved a so-called “Nigerian prince” offering people millions of dollars to help him transfer his riches out of Nigeria. The really fun part of these schemes is when people stop paying, but the scammer can still use the financial information they have forwarded to spend the victim’s money and/or steal their identity.The way to protect yourself from this scam is pretty simple: If you receive an email or a letter from someone claiming untold riches if only you can help them out with some money up-front, delete that email immediately and report the scammer to the FBI and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).5. Online vehicle sale scamsIf you ’re buying a used car online and you answer a classified ad, there is always a chance that youre being set up. Con artists love to post pictures of vehicles that they do not own and claim that the car is for sale at a ridiculously discounted price. There will often be a manufactured sense of urgency to the transaction; the scammer has to sell the car immediately because they are moving or being called up by the military, or it was a car they received in a divorce settlement or from a deceased relative.These scammers will usually try to fake a relationship with a reputable online company and might even provide you with fake toll-free phone numbers to call and “verify” the transaction. But instead of having you send cash, they’ll ask you to buy a bunch of prepaid gift cards and then share the codes with them. Once you’ve done that, they vanish.Yet again, this is a scam that can be foiled by copious amounts of research. Don’t just look into the seller, look into the car its elf. Get it’s VIN or its license plate number and look them up to confirm ownership. Oh, and this is a piece of advice that holds true across every type of scheme: If the person you are communicating with asks to be paid in the codes from prepaid gift cards, stop. They are 100 percent scamming you.6. Pyramid schemesIn a pyramid scheme, you are approached by someone who has a fantastic business opportunity. And while the business itself is often a real thing, it’s the way in which the business makes its money that can be fraudulent. Let’s say that the business here is something very simple: lemonade stands.If you say “yes” and join the business, you are asked to pay your recruiter for the lemons you need to start your lemonade stand “franchise.” Your recruiter will then encourage you to recruit other “franchisees” who will then buy lemons from you. Not only that, but you’ll get a cut of any lemonade they sell, just as your recruiter gets a cut of all the lemonade that you sell.Pretty soon, you realize that nobody in this lemonade stand business is actually selling lemonade. They are all just trying to recruit new people and make money off of selling them lemons. The people at the top of the scheme are doing quite well for themselves, while the people at the bottom are, well, not doing very well at all.If someone offers you a business opportunity that involves buying a bunch of merchandise upfront to start your “franchise” and strongly encourages you to recruit new “franchisees,” stay away. Even some very large and successful companies have business models that verge on pyramid schemesâ€"and can easily turn into one if you are preyed upon by a predatory recruiter.To learn more, check out this blog post: Multi-Level Marketing Scams: How a MLM “Job” Could End Up Costing You Thousands.7. Reverse mortgage scamsA reverse mortgage, also known as a home equity conversion mortgage, is a way for seniors to convert the value of their home i nto cash. Unlike more traditional home equity loans, a reverse mortgage doesn’t have to be repaid until the borrower moves out of the home, is no longer able to pay their mortgage, or dies.A reverse mortgage in and of itself is not a scam. However, these loans have seen an explosion in popularity over the past 20 years, and that has created a fertile breeding ground for scammers and predatory lenders. Scammers often target seniors as a part of complicated “investment opportunities”, using the equity these people have built up in their home as a piggy bank for the scammer to finance their schemes. If someone promises you or your parent that you can “own a home for free or with no down payment,” that’s a sure sign that they’re not on the up-and-up.If you want a legitimate home equity conversion mortgage, make sure that it is insured by the Federal Housing Authority (FHA). Be wary of advertisements for reverse mortgages, watch out for reverse mortgage seminars or people w ho approach you in social settings with reverse mortgage offers. And last of all, don’t sign any documents when you don’t fully understand the transaction.8. Telemarketing fraudThis is a scam where a person calls you on your personal phone with a “fantastic offer” that you have never previously heard of or expressed any interest in. And even if it is something that you’d previously expressed interest in, you should still be very careful. If you see a call coming in on your cell phone from a strange number, let it go to voicemail. If it’s a real inquiry, they’ll leave a message. Scammers generally won’t.The scammer will ask that you pay them for this opportunity or service, possibly in the form of prepaid debit card codes, a clear sign they’re not legit! If they’re telling you that you “won a free vacation” or some such nonsense, they might ask you to pay some fees or put down a deposit. Do not pay them, and especially do not read them your credit card info ov er the phone!To avoid these scams, make sure you never do business with a company that contacts you out of the blue. Even though the person on the other line will try and pressure you to complete the transaction, you should resist them. Collect information from them and do research on the company. Make sure that the company itself is legitimate and that the person contacting you is indeed a representative of said company. The same goes for charities. In fact, this is one of the ways that scammers will try and take advantage of people in the aftermath of a natural disaster. That’s awful!9. Ponzi schemesPonzi schemes will always be presented as an investment opportunity. You put your money into X business venture, and you will get a guaranteed return. These “opportunities” will usually be presented as somehow exclusive, the kinds of things that “regular” investors can’t get in on. Ponzi schemes are different than most scams, in that early investors will actually receive re turns on their money! And, of course, they’ll be so pleased with the results that they will invest that money right back into the fund.In truth, those returns that they’re receiving are a lie. Their money isn’t being invested at all. Instead, the scammer is taking money from new investors and is using that money to pay back their original investors. Eventually, the new money dries up, at which point the entire scheme collapses.The scheme is named after its creator, Charles Ponzi, but the most famous Ponzi scheme was perpetrated by New York financier Bernie Madoff, whose $64 billion scam came undone during the 2008 financial crisis. Be extremely wary of anyone promising guaranteed or outlandish returns on your money. And always consult a third-party financial professional before saying yes to any opportunities.10. Fraud against seniorsThis last one isn’t exactly a type of scam. Frauds perpetrated against seniors run the whole gamut of scum and villainy. Senior citizens make p erfect victims for fraudsters. They often have a lot of money saved up, they are generally trusting, and they have not-so-great memories which makes them really not-so-great criminal witnesses. If you or a senior you know are being scammed, contact the local authorities immediately.And lastly, if you are a senior, and someone contacts you offering to sell you a product over the phone, hang up. We know it’s rude. That’s okay. They are trying to scam you, which is also rude. Hang up on them and be on your way.To learn more about protecting yourself from scams and fraudsters, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:6 Costly Holiday Scams and How to Avoid ThemYour Guide to Cash Advance ScamsHow to Protect Yourself From Phone ScamsHave you ever had a run-in with a scam artist? We want to hear about it!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Online RN to BSN Degree Become Qualified to Work as an Operating Room Nurse 2019

Working in the operating room requires specialized nursing knowledge, critical thinking abilities, and effective communication skills. Operating room nurses work closely with patients, family, physicians, and nurse anesthetists. Shifting into this specialized career field requires hands-on training and quality education. Many nurses are choosing to complete online RN to BSN degree programs (Registered Nurse to Bachelor of Science in Nursing) in preparation for a career as an operating room nurse. What Does an Operating Room Nurse Do? Graduates of campus or online RN to BSN degree programs who choose to specialize as operating room nurses care for surgical patients immediately before and during an operation. Direct care of the patient involves monitoring vital signs and ensuring proper positioning. An operating room nurse who has graduated from a campus or online RN to BSN degree program also prepares the operating room with any needed supplies, medical equipment, and surgical instruments. The RN First Surgical Assistant actually assists the physician during the course of the operation to control bleeding, provide wound exposure, and suturing. Finally, the operating room nurse facilitates communication between the family and medical staff. .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82:active, .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uf72e3bf1f273e60c6e5f4fb00a828e82:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Reasons Why You Shoul Become a TeacherRequired Education to Work as an Operating Room Nurse: the Value of an RN to BSN Degree Nurses may legally practice with a hospital diploma, associate degree, or bachelor degree in nursing science. However, employers most often prefer to hire nurses who have completed a campus or online RN to BSN degree program, particularly for specialized areas within the field of nursing. Education at the bachelor of science in nursing level typically provides hands-on training in a variety of specialized areas and also equips nurses with advanced communication and critical thinking skills. For professionals who already possess Registered Nurse credentials, accelerated BSN degree programs are available through online RN to BSN degree schools. Schools, such as Kaplan University and University of Phoenix, offer online RN to BSN degree programs that have been specifically designed for working registered nurses and allow students to specialize in a particular area of nursing. For an extensive list of online RN to BSN degree programs, students may visit College-Pages.com, the education and career resource website. .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47:active, .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uecbdbcc9365c79a6cc6abda282beba47:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Beliefs that are Hurting your CareerRelated ArticlesBachelor Degree Nursing Online Program Forensic Corrections Nurses Provide Needed Treatment to InmatesOnline Nursing Schools Learn How to Offer Hope through Hospice Palliative Care NursingOnline Management Degree Program Work for Multiple Companies or Become Self-Employed as a Management AnalystEarning a Technology DegreeAccelerated BSN Program Forensic Geriatric Nurses Investigate Cases of Elder AbuseAccelerated BSN Degree Specialize in Oncology Nursing with a Bachelor of Science

The Principal Parts of Verbs

In English grammar, the term principal parts  describes the basic forms of a verb including the base or infinite, the past tense or preterite and the past participle. From the base form, one can derive the third-person singular -s form in words like looks and sees and the present participle -ing in words like looking and seeing, with some textbooks regarding the present participle as a fourth principal part of a verb. Irregular verbs may have three, four, or five forms, though, depending on whether or not a form is used for two or three form types. For all except the verb be, which may be unpredictable, the s- and -ing participle are always available and its alteration of the base acts predictably. Understanding Principal Parts of Regular and Irregular Verbs In order for new English learners to best understand how not to make mistake when conjugating irregular verbs, one must first grasp the concept of the principal parts of regular verbs. In most cases, verbs will change uniformly when -ed, -s, and -ing are added, keeping their original form spelling but changing the tense of the verb. However, irregular verbs, which defy the usual pattern, often change spelling entirely depending on tense, especially in the case of forms of the verb be. Roy Peter Clark uses the examples of lie and lay and run in The Glamour of Grammar: A Guide to the Magic and Mystery of Practical English. For run, Clark states, the simple past, we know, is not runned...the principal parts are run, ran, run. In this case, the irregular verb has its own rules. If you are confused about the correct principal part of a verb, its best to consult a dictionary. In the case of regular verbs, only one form will be given, but irregular verbs will give the second and third parts after the verb such as it does for the words go, went, and gone. Primary and Perfect Tenses The principal parts of verbs effectively carry a sense of time with their use, but the manner in which they convey  the action of the verb determines which tense classification linguists and grammarians categorize them as either primary or perfect in either the present, past, or future tenses. In the primary tenses, an action is considered ongoing, even if it occurred in the past or future tense. Take the verb call as an example. For the present tense, one would say today, I call, while in the past primary tense, one would say I called and in future would say I will call. On the other hand, perfect tenses describe actions that have already been completed. As Patricia Osborn puts it in How Grammar Works: A Self-Teaching Guide, verbs in this tense are called perfect because anything perfect is complete, and the perfect tenses stress an action at its completion. In the example of call, one would say Before now, I have called, for present perfect, I had called for past perfect and I will have called in the future perfect tense.

The impact on the american public school system Free Essays

string(252) " set Forth in A State At Risk promised permanent reform through demanding the best attempt and public presentation from all pupils, whether they are gifted or less able, flush or disadvantaged, whether destined for college, the farm, or industry \( U\." Democracy and instruction are footings that are clearly definable yet easy misunderstood. Education is the procedure of determining society and future coevalss ( Hollis, as stated in Carr A ; Harnett, 1996 ) ; nevertheless, it is more than simply learning immature people to read, compose, and decipher. Education is about fixing people to go responsible citizens, bettering societal conditions, and advancing cultural integrity ( Do We Still Need Public Schools, 1996 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The impact on the american public school system or any similar topic only for you Order Now Democracy, on the other manus, is a familiar word that continues to be at the centre of confusion and abuse. Defined as a type of authorities in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised straight by them, democracy is a set of ideals and rules by and large environing the thought of freedom. When jointly trying to specify democracy and instruction, it is easy to happen yourself amongst a sea of vagueness, confusion, and obfuscation. Possibly the most effectual manner to specify, explicate, or understand the interconnection between democracy and instruction is to show a clear illustration of a critical issue within the American instruction system and the impact it has on our state ‘s democracy: standardised testing for answerability. Standardized proving for answerability, besides known every bit high bets proving, has become a combative cause for argument. It, harmonizing to Dylan ( 2010 ) , is best described as â€Å" the usage of standardised accomplishment trials for the intent of keeping instructors, schools, and territories accountable † ( p. 107 ) . Populating in a democratic society, instructors, schools, and territories are being held accountable by taxpayers and parents ( although these are frequently the same people ) for the exclusive intent of guaranting that pupils enrolled in the American public school system are having an appropriate instruction. The history of standardised proving for answerability can day of the month back to the 19th century when public schools in England and Wales had been financed by voluntary organisations. By 1833, the function of support within the public schools expanded to include grants for the building of new edifices, the preparation of instructors, and for the encouragement of go toing school ( Dylan, 2010 ) . In 1858, a Royal Commission was established to ask into the province of popular instruction in England and to see what steps were required for extension of sound and inexpensive direction. The Commission ‘s study, published in 1861, recommended that the sum of public money paid to each simple school should depend on three factors: the status of the school edifices ; pupil attending ; and the public presentation of the pupils go toing the school on an unwritten scrutiny of every kid in every school to which grants were paid. Like England and Wales, standardized proving within the United States dates back to the 19th century ; nevertheless involvement in standardised testing for answerability may be traced to the landmark 1966 study Equality of Educational Opportunity, besides known as the Coleman study for its lead writer, sociologist James Coleman. Written as a survey to compare the distribution of resources and chances among kids of different races, the Coleman study besides examined differences in accomplishment tonss, or outcomes. Ravitch ( 2002 ) stated that the survey was important for many grounds, including the â€Å" displacement in research focal point from inputs to consequences, ensuing in the writers ‘ determination to analyze how school resources affected accomplishment † ( p. 14 ) . Prior to the Coleman study, instruction reform had focused chiefly on the distribution of resources, on the premise that more generous commissariats for instructors ‘ wages, installations, text editions, and supplies would repair whatever ailed the state ‘s schools. After the Coleman study, reformists advanced a broader array of proposals, many of which sought alterations in public presentation instead than, or in add-on to, additions in resources ( Ravitch, 2002 ) . This displacement in focal point from resources to student accomplishment was facilitated by the increased handiness of trial tonss. In 1970, the constitution of the National Assessment of Education Progress ( NAEP ) provided cumulative new informations and tendency lines to document educational accomplishment of American pupils. By 1992, the NAEP coverage was expanded to include pupils in take parting provinces. As more and more information was collected about pupil public presentation, elected functionaries came under force per unit area to make something about low accomplishment and about the big spreads among different groups of pupils. Confronted with the demand to better their schools in order to pull new industries to their provinces and vicinities, elected functionaries, harmonizing to Ravitch ( 2002 ) , looked at instruction much as they looked at other maps of authorities and at private corporations. Elected functionaries concluded that what mattered most was consequences – that is, whether pupils were larning. They used trial tonss as the best step of pupil acquisition, and they urged that school s should concentrate unrelentingly on bettering pupil accomplishment. By the early 1980s, governors were turning to concern leaders as their natural Alliess in seeking to better their province ‘s educational system. In every province, instruction was the individual biggest budget point, normally devouring 40 per centum of the province ‘s outgos ( Ravitch, 2002 ) . Some governors wanted to acquire instruction under their control, some wanted to do instruction disbursement more cost effectual, and most wanted to carry through both. The governors looked to concern leaders for advice on pull offing complex, labour-intensive organisations. The concern leaders looked at the schools through the lenses that were customary for them. They expected to see transparence of describing about budget, resources, operations, and consequences ; they expected to see answerability for public presentation. They encouraged governors and other elected functionaries to see incentive constructions that worked routinely in concern to better public presentation. In April 1983, the biggest accelerator for alteration within the public school system came in the signifier of a study titled A State At Risk. The National Commission on Excellence in Education issued its eye-opening study that indicted educational functionaries, schools leaders, and the American populace for complacence ( â€Å" A Nation Accountable, † 2008 ) . The recommendations set Forth in A State At Risk promised permanent reform through demanding the best attempt and public presentation from all pupils, whether they are gifted or less able, flush or disadvantaged, whether destined for college, the farm, or industry ( U. You read "The impact on the american public school system" in category "Essay examples"S. Dept. of Ed. , 1983 ) . A State At Risk marked the beginning of an development in proving for answerability and standards-based instruction reform. This motion towards standards-based instruction and appraisal that began with A State At Risk went national with the transition of the Improving America ‘s Schools Act of 1994 ( IASA ) . IASA reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ( ESEA ) , foremost enacted as portion of President Lyndon Johnson ‘s War on Poverty that was designed to concentrate federal support on hapless schools with low accomplishing pupils. In exchange for stressing higher pupil larning results, the revamped ESEA gave provinces and vicinities more flexibleness to plan and run their ain federally funded instruction plans. The 1994 ESEA was intended to work in concert with Goals 2000: Educate America Act, which supported province and local attempts to put ambitious content and public presentation criterions and to transport out school reforms that will raise the achievement degrees of all pupils ( U.S. Dept. of Ed. , 1996 ) . With the new millenary, the criterions and answerability motion reached a new degree. President George W. Bush called for important reforms at the federal degree, which led to the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 ( NCLB ) . This jurisprudence, which was passed with bipartizan bulks in Congress and with the support of the concern and civil rights communities, built on the foundation laid in the 1980s and 1990s by guaranting that provinces accepting federal authorities ‘s targeted investing agree to step and study on consequences in footings of criterions and answerability. No Child Left Behind was complex and contained many plans, nevertheless its cardinal focal point was answerability. This was an issue that brought together Republicans and Democrats. Harmonizing to Ravitch ( 2002 ) , had there non been bipartizan understanding on answerability, NCLB would ne’er hold become a jurisprudence. Both parties believed that answerability was the lever that would raise accomplishment. While many advocates for educational reform will reason that standardised proving for answerability is a agency to transfuse a positive alteration, the cogency and value of standardised testing is frequently capable for argument. Assorted surveies raise inquiries about whether betterments in trial tonss really signal an betterment for larning ( Cannell, 1988 ) . Other surveies point to standardise trials ‘ narrowness of content, their deficiency of lucifer with course of study and direction, their disregard of higher order believing accomplishments, and the limited relevancy and meaningfulness of their multiple pick formats. Harmonizing to Herman ( 1994 ) , instead than exercising a positive influence on pupil acquisition, proving may trivialise the acquisition and instructional procedure, distort course of study, and usurp valuable instructional clip. When concentrating on the effects of standardised proving for answerability, it is indispensable to find whether or non betterments in trials tonss really signal an betterment for larning. Harmonizing to Ravitch ( 2010 ) , the information derived from trials can be highly valuable, if the trials are valid and dependable. Test consequences can demo what pupils have learned, have non learned, and where they need betterment. They can state parents how their kids are making in comparing to other kids of their age and class. Test consequences can inform instructors and school decision makers to find which pupils need extra aid or different methods of direction. It can place pupils who need aid in larning English or particular instruction services. They can inform educational leaders and policy shapers about the advancement of the instruction system as a whole. Consequences can demo which plans are doing a difference and which are non, which should be expanded and which should be terminate d. Last, they can assist to direct extra support, preparation, and resources to instructors and schools that need them ( Ravitch, 2010 ) . The drawback with utilizing standardised trials to do of import determinations about people ‘s lives is that standardised trials are non precise instruments ( Ravitch, 2010 ) . All trials have a border of mistake and the same pupil could bring forth different tonss when taking the same trial on different yearss. Testing experts ( Ravitch, 2010 ) often remind school functionaries that standardized trial tonss should non be used in isolation to do eventful determinations about pupils, but in concurrence with other steps of pupil public presentation, such as classs, category engagement, prep, and instructors ‘ recommendations. When finding if a standardised trial signals an betterment of acquisition, or deficiency thereof, cogency, as stated by Riffert ( 2005 ) , becomes a inquiry of whether a trial does so mensurate what its developers intended to mensurate. If a trial fails to supply an acceptable degree of cogency for a certain intent, the consequences are deemed useless. The cogency of standardised trials relies mostly on the course of study taught by the instructors prior to the existent trial. Adequate exposure to the course of study allows each pupil a just opportunity to derive cognition of the stuff. However, it is virtually impossible to obtain curriculum cogency at the province or national degree due to a high grade of diverseness within each schoolroom, school site, territory, and province ( Riffert, 2005 ) . For this ground, seldom will the trial green goods consequences that replicate aims that coincide with the schoolroom ( Goodwin and Driscoll, 1980 ) . The effects of standardised proving for answerability go beyond dependability and cogency. A common concern heard by educational leaders is narrowness of content due to a focal point on nucleus course of study. Similarly, many advocates argue that standardised proving for answerability disregards higher order believing accomplishments and alternatively focal points on lower order believing accomplishments such as callback of facts and information ( Dylan, 2010 ) . As advocates for standardised testing for answerability continue to concentrate on increasing trial tonss, instructors and decision makers are forced to concentrate their attempts on trial readying, go forthing many to oppugn whether an addition in trial tonss signals an overall addition in cognition. In a widely reported analysis, Amrein and Berliner ( 2002 ) examined the impact of the debut of proving for answerability in 18 provinces. They concluded that although there was clear grounds that tie ining answerability ( effects ) to prove mark results had increased tonss on the trials used within the plan, there was no grounds of improved trial tonss on other related steps. Furthermore, they found that the debut of standardised proving for answerability was associated with increased pupil dropout rates, inappropriate trial readying patterns, and decreased teacher morale. A subsequent analysis ( Amrein A ; Berliner, 2002 ) confirmed these findings and indicated that the debut of high school graduation scrutinies was associated with a lowering of mean academic accomplishment. While standardised proving for answerability doubtless robs pupils of an reliable acquisition experience, the most scarey impact is the impression that high-stakes testing via medias our democratic society. Democracy is the foundation of our state ‘s history and hereafter, and guaranting and prolonging it is at the bosom of the American public school system. Harmonizing to A State at Risk, â€Å" a high degree of shared instruction is indispensable to a free, democratic society and to the fosterage of a common civilization, particularly in a state that prides itself on pluralism and single freedom † ( 1983 ) . Because democracy assumes and depends upon active and engaged people ( â€Å" Do We Still Need Public Schools, † 1996 ) , the American public school system is the vehicle in which to educate all people in order to accomplish certain basic democratic ends. Harmonizing to Ravitch ( 2010 ) , in a democracy, schooling is vitally of import and really different from schooling in other societies. No other establishment in our society is every bit suited as the public schools for presenting the immature to both the thoughts inherent in a societal and political democracy every bit good as the ideals from which democracy is derived. Harmonizing to Wolk ( 2007 ) , we are populating in a school psychotic belief. He poses the inquiry, â€Å" Do we truly believe that our schools animate our kids to populate a life of contemplation, imaginativeness, empathy, and societal duty? † ( p. 649 ) . Because of standardised proving for answerability, our state, and our schools are afflicted with a famine of educational imaginativeness, a deficiency of pedagogical bravery, and rampant anti-intellectualism ( Wolk, 2007 ) . Our textbook-driven course of study have become educational ageless gesture machines of rational, moral, and originative averageness. We dumb down and sanitise the course of study in the name of techno-rational efficiency and â€Å" American Interests † ( Wolk, 2007 ) . When our kids ‘s school experiences are chiefly about make fulling in spaces on worksheets, regurgitating facts from text editions, composing formulaic five-paragraph essays, taking multiple pick trials, and doing the occasional panorama – that is, when they are barren of chances to make an original idea – we should anticipate the obvious result: kids – and subsequently grownups – who are unable to believe for themselves. None of this should surprise us. Passive schooling creates inactive people. If we want people to believe, larn, and attention about the many dimensions of life, if we want neighbours who accept duty of be givening to the universe and doing it a better topographic point, so we need schools and course of study that are really about life and the universe. Alternatively, we have schools that prepare kids to believe like a wassailer ( Wolk, 2007 ) . In order for democracy to go on on, there is an undoubted demand for the production of democratic people via the public school system. However, standardized proving for answerability is working against the production of democratic people and is alternatively, fabricating future citizens satisfied with averageness and ignorance. From scripted course of study to a focal point entirely on mathematics and linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, schools that are committed to merely bettering standardised trials tonss have produced a state of ace trial takers. Our current public school system has done nil to develop thoughtful, considerate human existences, or to educate a democratic people ( Ravitch, 2010 ) . The transition of No Child Left Behind has made proving and accountability our national instruction scheme. The chief intent was to raise trial tonss, irrespective of whether or non pupils acquired any cognition of history, scientific discipline, literature, geographics, the humanistic disciplines, and other topics that were non of import for answerability intents. Harmonizing to Ravitch ( 2010 ) , accent on trial public presentation to run into criterions in certain academic countries may decrease the end of constructing active and morally sensitive citizens who carry out their civic responsibilities. Over the last decennary, pedagogues, policymakers, and the populace have begun to hammer a consensus that our public schools must concentrate on better fixing all kids for the demands of citizenship in the twenty-first century ( â€Å" Investing In a Culture of Learning, † 2010 ) . This push has resulted in the rise of standardised testing as the agencies of educating and measuring the success of all pupils, schools, and territories enrolled in the public school system. However, as outlined within this paper, standardized proving for answerability has many unintended effects, including: narrowing of the course of study and experiences, a focal point on lower degree thought as opposed to high order thought, a turning dissatisfaction amongst pedagogues and parents, and in conclusion, the impression that standardized proving for answerability via medias our democratic society. Despite the cooling and formidable effects, many advocates of educational reform are inquiring the inqui ry â€Å" if non standardized proving for answerability, so what? † Performance based appraisal, besides known as reliable appraisal, is an equivocal construct to pedagogues ( Keyser A ; Howell, 2008 ) . Some refer to as a specific appraisal that reflects a real-world context while others describe it as an appraisal aligned to real-world activities or some combination thereof. Harmonizing to Wood, et Al ( 2007 ) , public presentation appraisals are tools that allow instructors to garner information about what pupils can make with what they are larning – scientific discipline experiments that pupils design, carry out, analyze, and compose up ; computing machine plans that pupils create and test out ; research enquiries that they pursue, seeking and piecing grounds about a inquiry, and showing it in written and unwritten signifier. Whether the accomplishment or criterion being measured is composing, speech production, scientific or mathematical literacy, or cognition of history and societal scientific discipline research, pupils really execute undertakings affecting these accomplishments and the instructor observes and gathers information about, and scores the public presentation based upon a set of pre-determined standards. Performance based appraisal, frequently locally controlled and affecting multiple steps of accomplishment, offer a manner to travel beyond the bounds and negative effects of standardised proving for answerability ( Wood, et Al, 2007 ) . When comparing standardized proving for answerability and public presentation based appraisals, the research ( Wood et al, 2007 ) suggests that such appraisals are better tools for demoing the extent to which pupils have developed higher order believing accomplishments, such as the abilities to analyse, synthesise, and evaluate information. They lead to more student battle in acquisition and stronger public presentation on the sorts of reliable undertakings that better resemble what they will necessitate to make in the universe outside of school. They besides provide richer feedback to instructors, taking to improved acquisition results for pupils. As a state, we need a strong and vivacious public instruction system. Ravitch ( 2010 ) stated that as we seek to reform our schools, we must take attention to make no injury. In fact, we must take attention to do our public schools one time once more the pride of our state. Our public instruction system is the cardinal component of our democratic society. Our public schools have been the tract to chance and a better life for coevalss of Americans, giving them the tools to manner their ain life and to better the general public assistance of all. To the extent that we strengthen them, we strengthen our democracy ( pgs. 241-242 ) . 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Heart Of Darkness Analysis Essay Example For Students

Heart Of Darkness Analysis Essay Heart of Darkness is a story about Marlow’s journey to discover his inner self. Along the way, Marlow faces his fears of failure, insanity, death, and cultural contamination on his trek to the inner station. Marlow, who goes on his journey to meet Kurtz, already has a fascination with Kurtz after listening to many people along the way. Conrad tries to show us that Marlow is what Kurtz had been, and Kurtz is what Marlow could become. Marlow says about himself, â€Å"I was getting savage,† meaning that he was becoming more like Kurtz. Along the trip into the wilderness, they discover their true selves through contact with the native people. On one occasion, the steamer is attacked by a party of natives, killing the helmsmen and frightening the crew. This event triggers a change in Marlow, who takes off his shoes, which were covered in his friend’s blood. This taking off of clothes is a return to nature, bringing about a more primitive Marlow. Even as Marlow ventures further up the Congo, he feels like he is traveling back through time. He sees the unsettled wilderness and can feel the darkness of its solitude and immensity. Marlow comes across simpler cannibalistic cultures along the banks. The deeper into the jungle he goes, the more regressive the inhabitants seem. Kurtz has lived in the Congo, and thus has been separated from his own culture for quite some time. He had once been considered an honorable man, but the jungle changed him greatly. Here, secluded from the rest of European society, he discovers his evil side and becomes corrupted by his power and solitude. In once instance, Marlow is outraged and upset when Kurtz threatened to kill him if he did not give him the ivory. Killing Marlow would not be beneficial to Kurtz in any form; thus the fact that Kurtz is willing to kill over a small amount of ivory indicates the influence of the native people and the lack of law in the land. Kurtz does not think, but instead relies on gut instinct and his survival skills, which have allowed him to survive in the jungle as long as he had. Marlow tries to distance himself from Kurtz in his mind, but Marlow also tries to make himself believe that he is not like Kurtz and he will not and can not do the things Kurtz does. When he follows Kurtz he stays to the edge of the woods not venturing any further. This represents Marlow’s unwillingness to participate in Kurtz’s actions and atrocities. Marlow realizes that the Congo reveals the evil and savagery in an individual. Conrad also depicts Kurtz as a deity to the natives, allowing them to dance around him and be worshipped as a god. It appears that while Kurtz has been isolated from his culture, he has become corrupted by this violent native culture, and allows his evil side to control him. Marlow realizes that only very near the time of death, does a person grasp the big picture. Marlow describes Kurtz’s last moments â€Å"as though a veil had been rent. Kurtz’s last â€Å"supreme moment of complete knowledge (pg. 68),† showed Marlow how horrible the human soul really can be. Marlow can only speculate as to what Kurtz sees that causes him to exclaim â€Å"The horror! The horror,† but later adds that â€Å"since I peeped over the edge myself, I understand better the meaning of his stare (pg. 69). † Marlow guesses that at Kurtz’s death he suddenly revealed everything and discovers how horrible the duplicity of man can be. Through the death of Kurtz, Marlow can better reflect on himself as an individual and the changes that the jungle have made on him. .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 , .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .postImageUrl , .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 , .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:hover , .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:visited , .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:active { border:0!important; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:active , .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15 .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9ef33f38628f034ecd4d5c86d182f15:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Write a detailed critical analysis of act three scene one of the play Romeo and Juliet EssayHe realizes the evil of Kurtz, and engages in attempting to rid himself of Kurtz’s influences. By allowing the stockpiled ivory of the inner station to float down the river, Marlow is acting in defiance of Kurtz’s stinginess and Kurtz’s willingness to kill over monetary goods. Marlow’s journey into the jungle parallels his physical journey and the deeper inner journey to the inner station. Marlow and Kurtz have similar paths in life, but they each choose a different path. Marlow sees through Kurtz’s actions that the jungle can bring a decent man to savagery, while Kurtz is the beginning of the darkness that lurks in the hearts of all men.

The Tragedy Of Hamlet Essays (914 words) - Characters In Hamlet

The Tragedy of Hamlet Annonymous Disillusionment. Depression. Despair. These are the burning emotions churning in young Hamlet's soul as he attempts to come to terms with his father's death and his mother's incestuous, illicit marriage. While Hamlet tries to pick up the pieces of his shattered idealism, he consciously embarks on a quest to seek the truth hidden in Elsinore; this, in stark contrast to Claudius' fervent attempts to obscure the truth of murder. Deception versus truth; illusion versus reality. In the play, Prince Hamlet is constantly having to differentiate amongst them. However, there is always an exception to the rule, and in this case, the exception lies in Act 2, Scene 2, where an honest conversation (sans the gilded trappings of deceit) takes place between Hamlet and Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern. Via the use of prose and figurative language, Shakespeare utilizes the passage to illustrate Hamlet's view of the cosmos and mankind. Throughout the play, the themes of illusion and mendaciousness have been carefully developed. The entire royal Danish court is ensnared in a web of espionage, betrayal, and lies. Not a single man speaks his mind, nor addresses his purpose clearly. As Polonius puts it so perfectly: And thus do we of wisdom and of reach^? By indirections find directions out Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 71-3 The many falsehoods and deceptions uttered in Hamlet are expressed through eloquent, formal, poetic language (iambic pentameter), tantamount to an art form. If deceit is a painted, ornate subject then, its foil of truth is simple and unvarnished. Accordingly, when the pretenses of illusion are discarded in Act 2, Scene 2, the language is written in direct prose. Addressing Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet pleads with them to deliver up honest speech about the intent of their arrival: [offer up] Anything but to th' purpose. Act 2, Scene 2, Line 300 In a gesture of extreme significance, in a quote complementary to Polonius' aforementioned one, Hamlet demands: Be even and direct with me whether you were sent for or no. Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 310-11 Being the bumbling fools they are, Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern disclose their intentions and purposes to Hamlet, revealing the King and Queen's instructions. Thus does truth prevail in this passage. For this reason, the whole passage is devoid of the artful poetic devices that are used in the better portion of the play. The recurring motif of corruption also appears in the passage. Due to the wicked internal proceedings in the state of Denmark (e.g. murder, incest), Shakespeare implies that the whole state is soiled, which in turn has a direct negative consequence in the grand universal scheme of things. Imagery of warped and distasteful plants, in place of the traditional aesthetically correct beautiful flowers in a garden, serves to further reinforce the degeneration theme: 'Tis an unweeded garden that grows to seed. Things rank and gross in nature possess it merely. Act 1, Scene 2 Essentially, all of life, and all that was good and beautiful in life (e.g. the garden) is sullied. Hamlet, the disillusioned idealist, continues with the motif when he disheartenedly declares: the earth, seems to me a sterile promontory^? -Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 321-2 [the air] why, it appeareth nothing to me but a fouled and pestilent congregation of vapors. -Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 325-6 The above lines represent Hamlet's cosmic view on the planet. He finds the world to be empty and lifeless, dirty and diseased, and his particular place in it to be desolate and lonely. Indeed, he feels so isolated and entrapped in his native land that he says: [the world is a prison] A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and dungeons, Denmark being one o' th' worst. -Act 2, Scene 2, Lines 264-6 This view of the world exemplifies the micro/macro concept, where Denmark is the micro manifestation of a prison for our hero. The taint of micro Denmark leads to repercussions that in turn affect the whole universal order, leading to the consequence of the world itself becoming the macro manifestation of a prison in Hamlet's eyes. Further along in the same paragraph, Hamlet offers up his opinion on man, extolling his virtues and excellent qualities (what a piece of work is man^?). Yet, it is tremendously ironic, that the ideal type of man Hamlet is describing is nowhere to be found in the play. Hamlet himself is indecisive, unable to take action, Claudius is a slave to his lusts and passions, Polonius is a simpering, servile old fool, and Rosenkrantz and Guildenstern are mindless ninnies. Quite simply, no true man as Hamlet describes him exists in the play. As a result of this dismal realization,

Prepositional Phrases Sentence Building Exercise

Prepositional Phrases Sentence Building Exercise In this exercise, you will continue to apply the basic strategies outlined in Introduction to Sentence Combining.  Combine the sentences in each set into a single clear sentence containing at least one prepositional phrase. Omit words that are needlessly repeated, but dont leave out any important details.   After you have completed the exercise, compare your new sentences with the original sentences on page two. Keep in mind that many combinations are possible, and in some cases, you may prefer your own sentences to the original versions. A mouse darted.It darted across the salad bar.This happened during the luncheon.We traveled this summer.We traveled by train.We traveled from Biloxi.We traveled to Dubuque.The convertible swerved, crashed, and caromed.It swerved off the road.It crashed through the guardrail.It caromed off a maple tree.Mick planted seeds.He planted them in his garden.He did this after the quarrel.The quarrel was with Mr. Jimmy.Grandpa dropped his teeth.His teeth were false.His teeth dropped into a glass.There was prune juice in the glass.Lucy played.She was behind the sofa.She was with her friend.Her friend was imaginary.They played for hours.There was a man.He wore a chicken costume.He dashed across the field.He did this before the ballgame.The ballgame was on Sunday afternoon.A man stood, looking down.He stood upon a railroad bridge.The bridge was in northern Alabama.He was looking down into the water.The water was twenty feet below.The water was swift.The gray-flannel fog closed off the Salinas Val ley.It was the fog of winter.The fog was high.The Salinas Valley was closed off from the sky.And the Salinas Valley was closed off from all the rest of the world. I climbed to my perch.I did this one night.The night was hot.The night was in the summer.The night was in 1949.It was my usual perch.My perch was in the press box.The press box was cramped.The press box was above the stands.The stands were wooden.These were the stands of the baseball park.The baseball park was in Lumberton, North Carolina. After you have completed the sentence building  exercise on  page one, compare your new sentences with the sample combinations below. Keep in mind that many combinations are possible, and in some  cases, you may prefer your own sentences to the original versions. Sample Combinations During the luncheon, a mouse darted across the salad bar.This summer we traveled by train from Biloxi to Dubuque.The convertible swerved off the road, crashed through the guardrail, and caromed off a maple tree.After his quarrel with Mr. Jimmy, Mick planted seeds in his garden.Grandpa dropped his false teeth into a glass of prune juice.Lucy played  behind  the couch for hours with her imaginary friend.Before the ballgame on Sunday afternoon, a man in a chicken costume dashed across the field.A man stood upon a railroad bridge in northern Alabama, looking down into the swift waters twenty feet below.​  (Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge)The high gray-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world. (John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums)One hot night in the summer of 1949, I climbed to my usual perch in the cramped press box above the wooden stands of the baseball park in Lumberton, North Carolina.  (Tom W icker, Baseball)

Network Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Network Planning - Essay Example The network planning model refers to a smooth structured approach that eliminates some of the redundant elements from the system so as to obtain an optimal network. The logistic network for a single warehouse needs to encompass all the essential elements of the logistic activities so that there is smooth flow of products and information along the logistic chain consisting of a single warehouse. The single warehouse would serve as a centralized warehouse for the overall business operations and would comprise of all the necessary facilities that would be required for the effective coordination amongst all the other elements encompassing marketing department to the customers (Radhakrishnan, 2001). The first step that would be essential for the network design would be proper analysis of all the required information of the company’s operations. This information analysis would enable in incorporating the best strategy for the logistic network. Since there would be a single warehouse that needs to be centralized and handle all of the operations starting from inventory keeping to that of semi-finished or finished products it is very much important to decide on the size and location of the warehouse that would be the next step of the logistic network planning. The next step in designing this optimal network would be calculation of the facility and transportation costs. There needs to be a proper estimation on what are the major costs that is associated with the logistic framework that would be required in the network set up comprising of single warehouse (Waters, 2010).The next step for the design of optimal network would be consideration of various facilities such as vendors, manufacturing center, customer service and the distribution center. These facilities need to be given importance as there is continuous flow of finished products and raw materials amongst these facilities

Arbitrage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arbitrage - Research Paper Example In this case, the call price is $1.15 while the put price is $0.55. The stock price of the company does not pay any dividends. This shows that an arbitrage position does not exist for the firm. This is because the difference between the two prices is fairly small and the company already has the stocks at the exercise price (Chen, 2005). The time of expiry is only 60 days and the stocks can perform better than if they were sold for immediate profits by the company. It would therefore get a loss in the long term if arbitrage is exercised. The annual interest rate receivable by the company is a factor in calculating the value of the stock and given that it is 12% then the possibility of receiving prices above this when arbitrage is used is quite minimal. There are other costs that are involved when making a call such as the brokerage fees and taxes on capital gains, it is simpler to hold onto the shares and

What Problems Do Mega Cities Cause Environmental Sciences Essay

What Problems Do Mega Cities Cause Environmental Sciences Essay With the open markets and the liberasation of the economy in 1991 India went on a fast track economic boom with an 8-9% GDP growth per year. Urban areas have experienced an unprecedented rate of growth over the last 30 years. India is considered to be one of the most attractive countries for industry in the world as the vast population and the low living standards ensure the cheap manpower (when a normal salary in Europe or America is 40 dollars per day the 80% of the population in India lives with less than 2 dollars among them the 34.7% with less than 1 dollar per day) and thus the viability for the industries. As a result the mitigation phenomenon to big cities from rural areas has started the last decades and cannot be controlled. Unfortunately as it is going to be explained below the infrastructure lacks and so does not usually ensure a friendly and sustainable place for the immigrant-dwellers. Creation of mega-cities During the last 50 years Indians population has more than doubled (today 1.2 billion), but the urban population has grown nearly five times (H.Taubenbock,2008). Right now more than 50% of the whole earths population live in urban areas (Clark, 2003). The graph below shows the population growth of Mumbai Graph 1. Ref (M.Barke, 1998) More than 20 huge cities (with over than 10 million inhabitants) around the world were identified; three of the cities, Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkatta, were on the Indian subcontinent. Mumbai with 3.1% and Delhi with 4.1%, the highest, population growth rates in the world. Cities and their growth should be examined carefully as they cover only 2% of the earths surface and consume 75% of all resources as well as producing 75% of all waste (Girardet, 1999; UNFPA, 2007). Â  Picture 1 table 1 (Ref. H.Taubenbock, 2009. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems) Location of Indias large urban agglomerations and population growth in the 9 largest Indian cities in million of inhabitants. Lack of infrastructure-Problems In the new mega cities with the uncontrolled urbanization a huge percent of the population is accommodated in slums without houses, hospitals, hostels, roads, no kind of city planning and finally but most importantly no sanitation, drainage system and water treatment. Below there is a photo which shows the phenomenon of the slums in the huge cities in India. Picture 2 (Ref. http://www.google.gr/images?um=1HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18hl=elHYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18tbs=isch:1HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18q=slums+in+indiaHYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18sa=NHYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Ns tart=306ndsp=18start=306HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18HYPERLINK http://www.google.gr/images?um=1hl=eltbs=isch:1q=slums+in+indiasa=Nstart=306ndsp=18ndsp=18) The picture above shows the largest slum in Asia at the heart of Indias financial capital Mumbai where millions of poor in India live in such conditions. The rapid and extensive sprawl of the urban population cannot provide the urban planners with the information needed in order to provide plans with the appropriate amenities such as water, sanitation and electricity. Main arising problems include: (Ref. R.K.MUTATKAR,1995) a) Housing: As the urban population has been increased from 20% in 1971 to 38% in 1991 and is still rapidly increased urban land becomes very precious and insufficient to cover all the needs. As a result 30% of the population lives in slums and 45% live in single room tenements. Around 20% of houses are made from mud and thatch and one third of the population has no access to a lavatory. b) Water supply: Common water posts are provided as the water in cities is inequitable. In Ahmadabad for example, 25% of the population consume 90% of the water whilst the rest of the population 75% have to consume 10% of water. Approximately the 34% of the poor urban dwellers do not have a piped water supply. c) Sanitation: Despite the improvement in providing sanitation facilities, most of the towns depend on open surface drains for the waste water disposal which in terms is vulnerable to communicable diseases from flies, bacteria e.t.c. Also where underground sewerage system exist there is a danger of seepage in the corroded pipes which may cause great health hazards like hepatitis and diarrhoea epidemics. d) Pollution: Air and water are mainly polluted from transport and industries. In Calcutta for example there are 11,516 factories and 525,000 cars. Also as the 70% of the population is using coal as cooking fuel, it is subsequently one of the most polluted cities in the world. Unfortunately rivers are heavily polluted by industrial wastes. e) Health care delivery: Despite the provision of municipal dispensaries, public hospitals and private clinics and the modern imported technologies the medical system does not operate normally. As the 80% of medical practitioners cater the needs of only 20% of the urban population. The public hospitals and its stuff shows a very apathetic attitude to the patients in the public hospitals which enforce them to prefer the private clinics. f) Transportation problems: The unplanned design of slums does not usually satisfy the efficient transportation of the workers. Due to the huge population concentration, the big distances to the work places and the undeveloped unfriendly to the environment transportation modes it is estimated that the transport sector is responsible for 70% of the national CO2 emissions. g) Morbidity and related problems: In these over-populated areas (regions), communicable diseases like leprocy and venereal are in high levels. The poverty leads the men to alcoholism and few women to prostitution. Crime rates have been increased tremendously as well as death in the cities due to accidents and lack of transport and road safety education. i) Climate change/fast growing cities: Except the lack of infrastructure and the living problems which that causes to slum dwellers mega cities contribute seriously to the climate change. Are charectirized from high levels of energy consumption, burning of fossil fuels and concentrated activities in disproportionate land. Unfortunately the overpopulation of these sites and their rapid expansion to the suburban areas makes the problem even worse and impossible to be solved apace. In conclusion urbanization problems have arisen from rural poverty and unemployment which motivated the citizens to migrate to big industrial cities. There is not however the appropriate infrastructure to accomodate the new comers or proper planning of transport, water, drainage and health care delivery system. Mellenium Development goals for India (Ref.Economy, Investment Finance Reports.2006) The Millennium Declaration adopted 8 development goals for India are briefly presented below. The majority of them are relevant to urbanizations arising problems. 1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger: India must reduce by 2015 the proportion of people below poverty line from nearly 37.5 percent in 1990 to about 18.75 percent. National Rural Employment Act will help to reduce the poverty ratio even further. 2) Achieve universal primary education: India should increase the primary school enrolment rate to 100 percent and wipe out the drop-outs by 2015 against 41.96 percent in 1991-92. 3) Promote gender equality and empower women: The female participation at all levels should be promoted to reach a female male proportion of equal level by 2015. 4) Reduce child mortality: The target is to reduce under five mortality rate (U5MR) from 125 deaths per thousand live births in 1988-92 to 42 in 2015 5) Improve maternal health: India should reduce maternal mortality (MMR) from 437 deaths per 100,000 live births in 1991 to 109 by 2015. 6) Combat HIV/ AIDS, malaria and other diseases: As the prevalence rate has increased from 0.74 per thousand pregnant women in 2002 to 0.86 in 2003, this increasing trend needs to be reversed to achieve MDG 6. 7) Ensure environmental sustainability: The proportion of population without sustainable access to drinkable water and sanitation is to be halved by 2015 and India is on track to achieve this target. Also this step involves the protection of forests and presrvation of natural resources. 8) Develop a global partnership for development: Basically meant for the Developed Countries to provide development assistance to developing countries. These goals are intended to confront poverty, illiteracy, hunger, lack of education, gender inequality, infant and maternal mortality, disease and environmental degradation. Solutions social-environmental-economical point of view (Ref. Manoj Roy,(2009)) A number of solutions and measures should be introduced in order to contribute in the elimination or at least decrease of the pre-mentioned problems. Activities and measures will involve land use planning, climate change and city sustainability towards an overall urban sustainability which in terms will lead to a better life type now and maintenance of it for next generations. 1) Economic activities will invole: a) Decentralisation by generating new jobs, work places in suburban areas or support to those existing in the rural areas in order to motivate the dwellers to stay, that will lead to a more balanced employment distribution. b) Establishment of export zones for promoting their production and linkages between the formal and informal sectors as well as linkages between the rural and urban economy. c) Support to micro-enterprises and especially those developed by women. Non governmental organizations could also provide micro-credit. 2) Social and institutional activities will involve: a)Measures to encourage the public participation in the planning process, strengthening the participation of municipal authorities and the adoption of a strategic planning approach. b) Land use plans and effects of land use alterations, research and development in the construction methods and building materials, mechanisms for private contractors to promote low cost housing scheme and development of secondary towns with the prospect to accomodate slum dwellers. c) Enhance community participation in slum improvement project components, urban infrastructure improvement projects, measures to reduce the total population and health service programmes. 3) Environmental activities will involve: Respect and proper implementation of the environmental laws, reduction of travel time, preservation of rural areas with high agricultural and ecological importance especially when these are located in or near to urban areas. Mitigation of flood, recycling, waste water disposal and sanitation and generally measures to reduce the pollution from industry and vehicles. As climate change is of high importance nowadays few economic, social and environmental measures which could reduce the phenomenon are presented. Economic measures related to climate change would be the enhancement of financial (the one which allows productive activities to get going)and social (shared values and mutual understanding) capital by reducing the travel time and distance, congestion, emmisions, industrial pollution and the promotion of sustainable technology (environmental measures as well). Synergy between the urban and rural climate change resonses is needed as well as reduction of vulnerability of poor and women. Social/institutional measures target on public awareness, education for appropriate environmental behaviour, reduction of carbon sinks, enhancement of responsive capacity of the local authorities e.t.c. Resilience of the built environment plans and energy efficiency with protection and measures against the vulnerability of the poor. Engineering role and contribution The problems presented above should be confronted and are big challenges for the humanity as whole. In this approach which will have as targets the above pre-mentioned goals which will lead to the improvement of human lives with respect to the environment, the role of engineers is really vital. For the city planning and development series of data, plans and knowledge are needed like scientific background, geo-information technology, planning support systems, urban morphology etc. All of the above in order to be efficiently used will be analysed and used from civil engineers. Especially civil engineers which are involved with the majority of projects such as sustainable city planning, development of existing infrastructure (strengthening of existing constructions, maintenance e.t.c), transportation issues (design of roads), waste water treatment and sanitation mechanisms e.t.c will be responsible for the sustainable development and future progress of these regions.

Profit Leverage Effect of Logistics and Cost Saving Opportunities Essay

Logistics was initially a military term but since the 1960s it has grown and covers various numbers of functional areas such as managing raw materials and inventory, handling of work in progress, storing and delivering of finished goods. It also includes customer service, demand forecasting, plant/warehouse site selection, traffic and transportation. Since it has an effect on most of the activities held within an organization, it has a great influence on the profits made. A recent US study found that logistics accounts for 10% of the Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) and that approximately 56 cents out of every dollar of revenue is spent on managing the purchasing of goods and services.   The process is lengthy but once handled right can run very smoothly and can prove very beneficial to the organization. An organization cannot be competitive and strive in this fiercely competitive corporate world till it delivers end products or services of the desired quality to its customers at the right time, right place and at a price the customer feels is reasonable. The way to sustainable competitive edge lies in improving logistics. Therefore to maintain profit earnings, it is important for firms to manage logistics efficiently. If a chosen supplier fails to deliver the required raw material of an agreed-on quality level at the right time then the firm will incur additional expenses in the form of higher scrap rate, wastage and direct labor. Prompt delivery is required to avoid costly rescheduling of production otherwise efficiency will be decreased. In order to maintain profit levels it is important for firms not only to satisfy customers but to delight them. This again becomes a part of the organizations logistics. To achieve this not only fast and reliable delivery of high quality goods but also innovative design and distribution of ideas is essential. Firms stress on logistics to create differentiation by providing its customers with unique products that are difficult to be imitated by competitors. Logistics is considered as the last point of contact between the organization and its customer and so leveraging successful logistics leads to cost reduction, increased customer satisfaction and market share and so eventually higher profits. Low total product or service cost is significant in logistics so that the firm can have a competitive edge in the market. There are many opportunities to achieve dramatic cost savings but to achieve this, vision and hard work is required. Firms can do this by coordinating the different parts of the supply chain. Departments within firms such as procurement officer, manufacturing, legal and R&D managers need to work in a cross-functional manner and promote joint cost-saving projects. One of the biggest opportunities for cost saving is to reduce the amount of inventory which will automatically drive costs down. This can be done by Just-in-time inventory management that emphasizes on continuous improvement. For this, it is important for firms to develop strong relationship with few, reliable suppliers who deliver raw material in time.   Also Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, one of the common techniques is used to control inventory. Outsourcing is often used to transfer some of the internal activities of a firm to an outside vendor to achieve greater efficiency and specialization. It is also used as a technique to meet unexpected demands that firms cannot handle. Wastage can be eliminated through focus on what the customers want. This can be done by continuous improvement using Lean Production. It emphasizes on customer focus. Greater efficiencies can be accomplished through use of technology tools that can enable the purchase of low value, low risk goods and services. With the usage of database systems, unnecessary paper work can be eliminated, and real time data can be accessed. Use of E-Commerce to track inventory and coordinate pickup and delivery for end customers can be a great cost saving opportunity. This has been adopted by Cisco and FedEx. Different alternatives of distribution means such as trucking, airfreight, shipping, and railroads should be constantly evaluated. Use of Excel OM and Production and Operation Management (POM) for Windows’ enables firms to correctly plan for the forecasted demand. Further, software like Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) including Supply Chain Management (SCM) and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) provide firms with great opportunity to save on costs. Gantt Charts are useful for loading and scheduling. It prevents firms from unnecessary delays in work. Quality is one aspect that firms emphasize on due to growing awareness for better quality goods amongst customers. This can be done by implementing Total Quality Management (TQM), meeting quality standards developed by International Standards Organization (ISO) and by adapting to Six Sigma and Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) model. Mentioned above are some of the greatest costs saving opportunities in today’s world. References Lambert, D.M; Stock, J.R. and Ellram, L.M., (1998). Fundamentals of Logistics Management. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin McGraw-Hill. http://www.mhhe.com/business/management/leenders12e/information/leenders_ch01.pdf

Ways of Protecting the Environment

Our environment is a gift from God so we must take the full responsibility in protecting and preserving it. Good environment can make people feel happy and fit. To improve the environment means to improve our life. Therefore, human beings can protect the environment in three ways: conserving water, recycling, reducing, reusing and saving energy. First, we can protect the environment through saving water. Water is very important to us because we can’t live it. Water which is suitable to drink is becoming less and less. It is because we always waste a lot of water in our daily life. For example, many of the people always turn on the faucet when brushing teeth, washing or rinsing. Instead, we can fill a container with water for our use. Second, recycling, reducing and reusing are other ways to protect our environment. We can recycle the aluminum cans, glass bottles and newspapers. Besides that, we can transfer the organic matter such as potato peelings, leftover food and leaves to a compost heap in the garden and used as a natural fertilizer for the plants. Next, we should reduce the usage of plastic bags because they are non-biodegradable and hard to recycle. Let us reuse the things that are still valuable instead of throwing it away. Donate your old clothes or things to those who are in need. Not only will you protect the environment, but you will also contribute to a good cause. Last but definitely not the least is conserving energy. Let us use compact lights in our houses for they conserves electricity and remember to turn it off when you leave a room. When you do not use a house device like TV, radio, laptops, etc. turn it off as well. It's an easy habit to take up which will help you save a lot of money. Be concern and be a part in protecting the Mother Nature.

Definition and Examples of Lipograms

A text that purposefully excludes a particular letter of the alphabet  is called a lipogram. The adjective is lipogrammatic. A contemporary example of a lipogram is Andy Wests novel Lost and Found (2002), which does not contain the letter e. Etymology From the Greek, missing letter Examples and Observations: The earliest lipograms are thought to have been composed in the sixth century BC, but none has survived; maybe they were never actually written down, only imagined, to circulate among the clerisy as instant legends of verbal skill. . . . [T]he lipogram should be a purposeless ordeal undertaken voluntarily, a gratuitous taxing of the brain, and the severer the better. It should make the business of writing not pleasanter but harder.(John Sturrock, Georges Perec. The Word From Paris: Essays on Modern French Thinkers and Writers. Verso, 1998)Gadsby: A Lipgram on EUpon this basis I am going to show you how a bunch of bright young folks did find a champion; a man with boys and girls of his own; a man of so dominating and happy individuality that Youth is drawn to him as is a fly to a sugar bowl. It is a story about a small town. It is not a gossipy yarn; nor is it a dry, monotonous account, full of such customary fill-ins as romantic moonlight casting murky shadows down a long, winding co untry road. Nor will it say anything about tinklings lulling distant folds; robins caroling at twilight, nor any warm glow of lamplight from a cabin window. No. It is an account of up-and-doing activity; a vivid portrayal of Youth as it is today; and a practical discarding of that worn-out notion that a child dont know anything.Now, any author, from historys dawn, always had that most important aid to writing: an ability to call upon any word in his dictionary in building up his story. That is, our strict laws as to word construction did not block his path. But in my story that mighty obstruction will constantly stand in my path; for many an important, common word I cannot adopt, owing to its orthography.(Ernest Vincent Wright, from Gadsby, 1939--a story of more than 50,000 words that does not contain the letter e)Most common of all marks from A to Z,Its tyrant to orthography, and smugThat not a thing of worth is said withoutOur using it. . . .(Daniel J. Webster, A Lipogram: Writing Without It. Keeping Order on My Shelf: Poems and Translations. iUniverse, 2005)A Void: Another Lipogram on ENoon rings out. A wasp, making an ominous sound, a sound akin to a klaxon or a tocsin, flits about. Augustus, who has had a bad night, sits up blinking and purblind. Oh what was that word (is his thought) that ran through my brain all night, that idiotic word that, hard as Id try to put it down, was always just an inch or two out of my grasp--fowl or foul or Vow or Voyal?--a word which, by association, brought into play an incongruous mass and magma of nouns, idioms, slogans and sayings, a confusing, amorphous outpouring which I sought in vain to control or turn off but which wound around my mind a whirlwind of a cord, a whiplash of a cord, a cord that would split again and again, would knit again and again, of words without communication or any possibility of combination, words without pronunciation, signification or transcription but out of which, notwithstanding, was broug ht forth a flux, a continuous, compact and lucid flow: an intuition, a vacillating frisson of illumination as if caught in a flash of lightning or in a mist abruptly rising to unshroud an obvious sign--but a sign, alas, that would last an instant only to vanish for good.(Georges Perec, La Disparition--a 300-page novel that does not contain the letter e; translated by Gilbert Adair as A Void)181 Missing OsN mnk t gd t rb r cg r plt.N fl s grss t blt Sctch clips ht.Frm Dnjns tps n rnc rlls.Lgwd, nt Lts, flds prts bwls.Bx tps, nt bttms, schl-bys flg fr sprt.N cl mnsns blw sft n xfrd dns,rthdx, jg-trt, bk-wrm Slmns.Bid strgths f ghsts n hrrr shw.n Lndn slp-frnts n hp-blssms grw.T crcks f gld n dd Iks fr fd.n sft cltl fstls n Id fx dth brd.Lng strm-tst slps frlrn, wrk n t prt.Rks d nt rst n spns, nr wd-ccks snrt,Nr dg n snw-drd r n cits rlls,Nr cmmn frg cncct lng prtcls.(Unknown, quoted by Willard R. Espy in The Game of Words. Grosset Dunlap, 1972)